BuildSysPro.Building.BuildingEnvelope.HeatTransfer.Window

# .BuildSysPro.Building.BuildingEnvelope.HeatTransfer.Window

Generic window model

## Information

Hypothesis and equations

- SW (short wavelength) radiations for solar irradiance on the outer face are separated into diffuse and direct. They are obtained by separate calculations after consideration of the glazing tilt and azimuth.
- LW (long wavelength) radiations with the external environment can be taken into account by connecting this model to a sky temperature and by specifying surface tilt.
- The direct transmitted irradiance is calculated based on the angle of incidence according to the Fauconnier formula (French building regulation RT and Cardonnel formulas available)

Regarding the rolling shutters, the assumptions are :

- No solar flux transmitted by the part obscured by the shutters
- Absorbed flux unchanged (PVC absorbency similar to that of glass)
- If the shutter is not completely closed (`fermeture_volet` < 95%), unchanged thermal resistance
- If the shutter is fully closed, increased thermal resistance of an additional thermal resistance, evaluated at 0.2 m²K / W (PVC thickness of 12 mm approx)

When the window is open, the conductive heat transfer through the glass is not considered anymore, and instead of that an air renewal by natural ventilation is computed (refer to `WindowNaturalVentilation`). In addition, the absence of glazing results in a suppression of direct and diffuse transmission factors.

Reduction coefficients of direct and diffuse fluxes may also be considered (`useReduction=True`), based on :

- type of windows/ window doors (the % of frame is deduced from that)
- coefficient representing the decrease in fluxes through net curtains
- coefficient representing the decrease in fluxes due to window position (inner or outer)
- coefficient representing the decrease in fluxes through curtains
- coefficient representing the decrease in fluxes due to shadows (NB: there is also a model that can calculate precisely the surface fluxes on a vertical wall in case of eaves: `FLUXsurfMask`)

Concerning the calculation of natural lighting, the global and diffuse light transmission factors that must be filled correspond to `TLW`, `TLw_dif`, `TLsw` and `TLsw_dif` which are calculated precisely in the EN 410 norm. However, it is possible to find tabulated values in the document Valeurs tabulées des caractéristiques des parois vitrées et des correctifs associés aux baies (Tabulated values of glass walls features and patches associated with windows) from CSTB. Thus, by default :

- For double glazing without sunscreen: `TLW` = 0.5, `TLW dif` = 0
- For double glazing with opaque and dark sunscreen on the outside: `TLsw` = 0, `TLsw_dif` = 0
- For double glazing with non-opaque and clear sunscreen on the outside: `TLsw` = 0.09, `TLsw_dif` = 0.03

Bibliography

TF1 CLIM2000

CSTB. 2005. Guide réglementaire RT 2005. Règle d'application Th-Bât Th-U 3/5 Parois vitrées.

Natural lighting : Règles Th-L - Caractérisation du facteur de transmission lumineuse des parois du bâtiment - CSTB Mars 2012, Valeurs tabulées des parois vitrées - CSTB Mars 2012

Instructions for use

The thermal ports `T_ext` and `T_int` must be connected to temperature nodes (connect `T_ext` to `T_dry` of `Meteofile`).

The external incident flows `FLUX` can come from `BoundaryConditions.Solar` models which are the link between walls and weather readers.

The internal incident flows `FluxAbsInt` can come from occupants, heating systems but also from the redistribution of solar flux within a room (models from `BoundaryConditions.Radiation` package).

Known limits / Use precautions

The following precautions should be considered:

- The coefficient `k` represents the conductivity of the glazing without consideration of convective exchanges (different from Uglazing usually used).
- The coefficient `hs_ext` of convective transfer with outside default value is the value of the combined coefficient integrating LW convective and radiative exchanges.
- If LWR with the environment are considered, the `hs_ext` value must be changed - By default 16W / m².K can be taken since the radiative share is estimated to 5,13W / m².K outside, which corresponds to an environment temperature of 10 °C

For the calculation of illuminance, it is needed to clarify whether there are upstream masks because then the consideration of shadows caused by the architecture is done in the mask model.

Validations

BESTEST validation procedure

Validated model - Aurélie Kaemmerlen 12/2010

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Licensed by EDF under a 3-clause BSD-license
Copyright © EDF 2009 - 2023
BuildSysPro version 3.6.0
Author : Aurélie KAEMMERLEN, EDF (2010)
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## Revisions

Aurélie Kaemmerlen 02/2011 : Ajout du choix de considérer ou non des flux (GLO et CLO) sur la face interne via le booléen RadInterne

Aurélie Kaemmerlen 05/2011 :

- Ajout du choix de sortir soit le flux global CLO transmis, soit les flux CLO direct et le diffus, qui sont transmis par le vitrage via le booléen DifDirOut
- Modification du nom du connecteur CLOabs changé en FluxAbsInt

Aurélie Kaemmerlen 06/2011 : Remplacement de la fonction PondTransDirect par un modèle plus complet possédant plusieurs formules de pondération du rayonnement direct. Il faudra l'étendre à l'absorption si besoin

Aurélie Kaemmerlen 10/2011 : Ajout des échanges avec l'environnement (ciel et sol)

- Un nouveau booléen a été ajouté pour permettre de considérer ou non ces deux échanges
- L'inclinaison et l'émissivité en GLO du vitrage ont ainsi été ajoutées pour caractériser ces échanges

Aurélie Kaemmerlen 10/2012 - Ajout d'une pondération linéaire en cosi

Frédéric Gastiger 03/2014 : ajout de la possibilité de commander un volet (fermeture_volet qui varie entre 0 et 1 - 1 quand le volet est fermé, 0 quand le volet est ouvert), avec la résistance thermique supplémentaire que cela engendre.

Amy Lindsay 03/2014 : - ajout de la possibilité d'ouvrir la fenêtre (true quand la fenêtre est ouverte, false quand elle est fermée) avec le débit de ventilation naturelle que cela engendre.

- ajout des coefficients de réduction des flux diffus/direct en fonction du type de fenêtre / porte fenêtre, de la présence de voilages, rideaux etc. issus des stages de Raphaelle Mrejen (2012) et Alexandre Hautefeuille (2013)

- changement des FluxSolInput en RealInput pour les flux absorbés intérieur pour éviter les confusions (ces flux absorbés en GLO ou en CLO peuvent non seulement provenir du soleil, mais aussi d'autres sources radiative)

Gilles Plessis 03/2014 : Simplification du modèle.

Amy Lindsay 04/2014 : Prise en compte du fait qu'avec la fenêtre ouverte, la part non vitrée de l'ouverture n'impose plus de facteurs de transmission du direct et du diffus.

Frédéric Gastiger 04/2015 : Correction d'une erreur dans le calcul du flux direct transmis à travers une fenêtre ouverte.

Laura Sudries, Vincent Magnaudeix 05/2015 : Prise en compte des flux lumineux incidents sur la baie pour calculer les flux lumineux transmis à travers la baie considérée (direct, diffus, réfléchi par le sol). Equations issues de la RT2012.

Benoît Charrier 01/2016 : Ajout de la prise en compte de l'absorption variable en fonction de l'angle d'incidence.

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